VerifiedHuman™
DEFINITIONS
for
VISUAL ARTISTS
In the standard, the most important definition is visual work. It means selecting and arranging visual elements in a medium that can be viewed or experienced.
Visual elements in art can be combined and layered to create movies or special effects. Humans are considered essential creators of visual work when they select and arrange visual elements. However, if a machine does it, then it becomes the essential creator.
We fully support visual artists who use AI in ways not covered by the standard or who find it challenging to agree to it for various reasons.
For instance, some artists use AI to create intentional combinations of images that form innovative visual work. These artists may not find the VerifiedHuman™ label helpful or suitable. However can use it for more traditional work, like photographs, paintings, or architectural drawings.
In this way, we hope to be helpful and encouraging to all visual artists.
We would like to address two common scenarios in this foreword.
i. AI Assistance in Editing Images or Restoring Damaged or Missing Portions
Many people use AI for image editing, including color correction, filters, and image restoration. The VerifiedHuman™ Standard allows AI for these purposes and generative AI to create distinct visual elements like patterns and textures, provided the final result is essentially distinctive from any individually generated part (see The Capture or Arrangement of Elements Principle below). When generative AI heavily influences visual work, we suggest using the VerifiedHuman™ label with the AIA (AI-Assisted) tag: VerifiedHuman™AIA. We leave it to the creator's discretion when the tag is helpful.
ii. Using Content of Unknown Origin in Visual Work
At times, visual artists incorporate elements with uncertain origins, possibly AI-generated, in their work. To address this uncertainty, we recommend using the VerifiedHuman™ label with an AIU (AI-Unknown) tag: VerifiedHuman™AIU. This allows artists to clarify when AI involvement is unclear. The VerifiedHuman™ Standard helps distinguish between human and AI creation, aligning with artists' intentions to present their work as their own.
The VerifiedHuman™ Standard clarifies authorship by asking: "Was it created by you or by AI?" We appeal to the artist's intention to ensure they present their visual work as their own.
FOREWORD
Here are the commonly accepted ways AI is widely used in visual arts.
Computer-aided design (CAD) enables users to draw, paint, measure, and choose colors, textures, shapes, and objects. A standard set of tools is used.
Image editing where AI is used to enhance or edit images. Common editing functions include changing size, shape, color, lighting, and more. A standard set of tools is used.
Image restoration where AI is used to fill in missing or damaged portions of images. This method is widely accepted.
COMMON USES IN VISUAL ARTS
Here are two questions that AI-using artists must independently interpret, guided by their personal values.
Q: What if I take an existing image and apply a style, like making it look like Vincent Van Gogh painted it?
Applying styles in image creation/editing is a gray area. Styles are often linked to their original creators (especially publicly available software styles) and are influenced by their unique visual sensibilities.
Q: What if I have AI and AI image generators (like Jasper, MidJourney, or Stable Diffusion) create images for me, and I rework the essential elements into my version?
Some people use visual modeling with AI to jumpstart ideas, where AI generates initial models or drafts that they later personalize or contextualize.
While utilizing approaches like the examples above is becoming more common, we recommend caution. The danger in both cases is that it becomes difficult to draw the line between a person’s creative work and the AI’s.
INTERPRETATION
If you copy and paste visual elements that were not created by you, you are not the creator of that content. Instead, you are using visual work that was created by someone or something else. In general, if AI generates the essential elements of an object or layer and arranges them, then AI is considered the creator of that component. The core of the principle remains in the question, "Did you create it, or did AI create it?" regardless of the number of elements, layers, or components involved.
THE CAPTURE OR ARRANGEMENT PRINCIPLE
Visual artists, designers, drafters, photographers, and filmmakers use various elements like subjects, backgrounds, colors, textures, and light to create or capture visual images. These images can be viewed as physical objects, digital images, or transferred to other mediums like paper.
Whenever we view a visual work, the question that arises is Who or what is responsible for putting together these visual elements? This question applies to both the entirety of a visual work and its individual components.
RATIONALE
The essential unit of visual creation is an element, and when combined, they form visual images.
These resulting images can be viewed in different ways, including three-dimensional objects, digital images, posters, or photographs.
ASSUMPTION OF ESSENTIAL HUMAN CREATION
If a human uses elements to create visual images that can be viewed meaningfully, that person is the essential creator.
ESSENTIAL HUMAN CREATION
Here are definitions of other words and ideas related to the Standard for Visual Artists.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A field that combines computer science and robust datasets to enable problem-solving. It also encompasses machine learning and deep learning sub-fields, frequently mentioned in conjunction with artificial intelligence. These disciplines are comprised of AI algorithms that seek to create expert systems that make predictions or classifications based on input data.*
AI language modeling (or Large Language Modeling (LLM))
Systems that can use natural language text from large amounts of data. Large language models use deep neural networks, such as transformers, to learn from billions or trillions of words and to produce texts on any topic or domain. Large language models can also perform various natural language tasks, such as classification, summarization, translation, generation, and dialogue. Some examples of large language models are GPT-3, BERT, XLNet, and EleutherAI.** LLMs can translate language, or text, into visual images and vice versa.
Color image processing
Colors in an image are processed digitally as information
Component
A part or piece of a larger work, like an object or layer
Image acquisition
When an image is captured using a camera or scanner and made digital
Image compression and decompression
When the size and resolution of an image are changed
Image enhancement
Improving the quality of an image by adjusting color and contrast, reducing noise, extracting hidden details, etc.
Image restoration
When an image is cleaned up by removing blurring, noise, distortion, and other unwanted artifacts
Interpretation
Way of understanding or explaining the meaning of something
Morphological processing
When the features and structures of an image's objects are described and processed as words
Personal, original idea
An idea representing a specific human being's unique insight or experience in the world
Photographer, filmmaker, videographer
A person who uses a camera to capture a visual image
Representation and show
Representing an image in a way that can be analyzed by a computer, like numbers or words that have been assigned to specific objects and features of the image
Values
Principles or standards of behavior
Values-based
Relating to principles, values, or ethical assumptions that motivate human behavior
SOURCE
*IBM: What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
**Microsoft | Learn | LLM
OTHER DEFINITIONS
This document provides clarity on terms in the standard and their meanings. It also helps artists understand the motivation behind the standard.
What's in this document?
Here are definitions of words and ideas used in the Standard for Visual Artists.
Standard
A specific definition of human behavior
Visual Artist
A person who creates visual work
Represent
Present, share, or show work with others
Visual work
The selection and arrangement of visual elements that can be viewed or experienced in a medium. Images that have been captured or created by putting visual elements together
Team
A group of people working together
Intellectual property
A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a manuscript or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.***
Essential
The fundamental elements or characteristics of something
Essentially created
Capturing or arranging the essential elements of visual art–visual elements–in meaningful ways to create visual work (see Essential Creation below)
Essential elements in visual arts
Lines, shapes, tones, colors, patterns, textures, and forms in visual arts creation, but can also include light, space, angle, and composition in taking pictures
Human
Noun: a human person; adjective: from a human person
Generative AI
Shorter definition–machines that create novel (new) content | Longer definition–generative artificial intelligence (AI) describes algorithms (such as ChatGPT) that can be used to create new content, including audio, code, images, text, simulations, and videos.****
Machine learning
"Systems that act like humans"*
Other generative processes
Other processes involving AI or machine learning to create novel (new) content
SOURCE
*IBM: What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
***Oxford Languages
****McKinsey & Co. | What is generative AI?
DEFINITIONS IN THE STANDARD
